The Term Of Entrepreneur Has Been Evolved Into Various...

Introduction The term of entrepreneur has been evolved into various definitions, Drucker (1998) defined entrepreneur as individuals who commit to practice innovation systematically, and put their efforts on enhancing social potential or economic of an enterprise. This characteristic also can be found in a team of three Taiwanese young entrepreneurs who have founded a company, Gogolook. They received public praise by the executive chairman of Google due to their innovative call filtering App: Whoscall. The following parts will discussed how the three entrepreneurs put their ideas into practice and how they realised potential business opportunity in a timely manner. Released in the year of 2010,Whoscall is an app that has been widely†¦show more content†¦This acquisition indeed made the three entrepreneurs a big fortune, reflecting the specific function of an entrepreneur as what Drucker (1998) stated: â€Å"entrepreneur creates wealth-producing resources†. Opportunity identification According to what Jeff Kuo recalled, Whoscall was developed simply because he saw the need from his personal experience. Although two of co-founders have a master’s degree in technology management while the other was studying industrial design in his phD, the prior knowledge that they have gained from school did not help them identify the business opportunity promptly. This shows a contradiction to Shane’s claim (2000), who believed that prior knowledge could allow entrepreneurs more easily to seek potential opportunities. In this case, however, the opportunity was rather recognised from what Drucker (1998) called â€Å"unexpected occurrence†. Kuo had once annoyed by a scam phone call from Hong Kong Jockey Association, who asked him to redeem a big cash prize. Rather than ignoring the call, Kuo started searching for the owner of the number from the Internet. This action however suddenly inspired him to combine the idea of â€Å"incoming call† with â€Å"o nline searching†. The role of prior knowledge was rather like a tool to assist these three co-founders in developing the App on their own, as they have the ability and the technology to design the App. Instead of asking external developers for product development,

Movie Analysis The Dog - 1346 Words

The 1997 Barry Levinson’s film Wag the Dog narrates its viewers a story about the successful rescue of the US President’s reputation that has been stained substantially. The President was involved in a sexual scandal eleven days before the election, according to the film’s plot. In order for him to be re-elected for the second term, extreme measures were taken by a Hollywood film producer Stanley Motss (Dustin Hoffman) and consultant Conrad Bean (Robert De Niro) to raise the ratings of the acting President and defend him against his main opponent. Different reactions were caused by the film by various media representatives across the US. The film was treated as a prophecy because of the two subsequent events that followed: the sexual scandal that surrounded Bill Clinton and the military conflict in the Balkans (the fact that the film highlighted Albania was somehow overlooked). These reactions have provoked a wide discussion on the subject of â€Å"materialization of thoughts† and the interrelation between art and reality. Is it the reality that inspires people to create art, or, on the contrary, it is art that influences reality? In other words, can the tail wag the dog? There exist many opinions and many answers to this question. However, undoubtedly, this is a discussion that lasts for ages, and it was certainly initiated long before the film by Barry Levinson was released. The film received a warm reception from critics. In my opinion, this is due to the fact that theShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Dog Soldiers905 Words   |  4 PagesA film that I enjoyed and I constantly revisit is an English horror comedy film, Dog Soldiers. The reason why this film is worth watching is because of the realistic visual effects used to portray the werewolves in the movie, effective visual elements, and the unpredictable plot. This film is about platoon of British soldiers sent on a mission to train with a group of British Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers in the Scottish Highlands. Soon the viewers discover that the SAS forcesRead MoreMovie Analysis : Dog Soldiers987 Words   |  4 PagesA film that I enjoy and constantly revisit is an English horror comedy film, Dog Soldiers. The reason why this film is worth watching is because of the effective visual elements, unpredictable plot, and the realistic special effects used to portray the werewolves in the movie. This film is about a platoon of British soldiers sent on a mission to train with a group of British Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers in the Scottish Highlands. Soon, the viewers discover that the SAS forces have been slaughteredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Reservoir Dogs1961 Words   |  8 PagesIn Quentin Tarentino’s Reservoir Dogs mise-en-scene is very effective as a narrative tool. More specifically, ‘open formed’ mise-en-scene is used frequently in the film which Is defined as mise-en-scene that, â€Å"emphasises informal, unobtrusive compositions.† (Page 68, Understanding Movies, Louis Gianetti). This, alongside Tarentino’s more stylized and expressive moments (closed form), helps to encapsulate the themes of professionalism, trust and ruthlessness. The importance of trust is displayedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Stray Dog Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesConsider the two characters, Murakami and Yusa. In what ways do they belie Sato s insistence on a simple binary between police/good people and criminals? Is it the case that Yusa is mad (=mad dog), and Murakami perfectly sane and straightforward? What details bear this out? Stray Dog is a movie of its time, it portrays the poverty and indigence of the immediate postwar period and the basic struggle to survive, let alone prosper. The protagonist in the film is the â€Å"rookie† police officer MurakamiRead MoreMovie Analysis : Poor Liza And The Lady With The Dog 930 Words   |  4 Pageskind-hearted characteristics that comes with it, we also think of the things love can do to us and also the things we can do for love. The three stories we read in class ‘Poor Liza by Karamzin’, ‘Kreutzer Sonata by Tolstoy’s’, and ‘The Lady with the dog by Chekhov’ all shared a similar a similar characteristic which was passion. Each of these stories showed how passionate the characters were whether it was in first person or third person the narrator made each person show how they first fell in loveRead MoreEssay about Analysis on Django Unchained596 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis on Django Unchained Django aside from being a fantasy film, it does show how an older America once was. Set during 1858, is full of racism and violence. Although, the movie stabilizes these characteristic with a bit of comedy. Nevertheless, according to Karl Marx’s conflict theory people of lighter skin would be more dominant whereas darker skin people would be considered more submissive and less powerful. Even Calvin explained how the slaves could have ganged up, or slayed his ancestorsRead MoreEssay Margin Call992 Words   |  4 PagesMargin call is an american movie, realizd by JC Chandor in 2011 The story This movie explains how crisis in 2008 happened in a financial institution in New York. The company exists since 137 years with John Tuld as the Chief Executive Officer. The leader of trading operation is Sam Rogers. He is in the company since 34 years. First of all, there is the layoff of Eric Dale, the financial analyst. We can see a comparison with Lehman Brothers when bankers leave the company with a case underRead MoreSin Nombre Movie Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The movie I chose to do my movie analysis on was Sin Nombre. I chose this movie because it stood out to me the most, mainly because of the title in Spanish. I used four concepts while analyzing this epic movie. First I applied the power elite theory to see who had the power in this power city and how they used their power. Then I used the social conflict theory to see what caused the people to get into the gangs and how the gangs acted to the people. The socialization theory is shownRead MoreRun Lola Run901 Words   |  4 PagesMovie Analysis Run Lola Run Philosophy In the beginning credits of the movie, the last person we see is a plump Bank Guard with a soccer ball who states, The ball is round. The game lasts ninety minutes. The rest is theory...† and then kicks the ball into the air into a crowd of strangers. Dispersing to move away from the ball this crowd of strangers forms the title of the film when viewed from above. This foreshadows the main themes following in the rest of the movie; the themes of timeRead MoreThe Break Up1428 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships need a lot of communications from both sides. The main factor is interpersonal communication, which couples are able to overlap environments and create a relationship. We reviewed the movie â€Å"The Breakup† and have found the concepts of Integrating, differentiating, and terminating. This movie shows how ineffective communication can dissolve a relationship. The lack of communication is the main factor why Brooke and Gary break up. This couple tends to rely on oth er people instead of trying

Nursing Assessment - 1391 Words

Physician Dismisses Nursing Assessments, Question of Nurse Advocacy. Summary: The patient was involved in a motorcycle accident in which his bike fell onto and injured his left leg. When the nurses assessing the patient could not detect a pulse in that leg, an ominous sign of circulatory failure. The physician when notified chose to dismiss this fact and discharge the patient. The patient would return soon after with worsening symptoms that would require emergency surgery. Should the nurses have initially pressed for further action, treatment? The patient was involved in a single vehicle accident involving his motorcycle and brought to the Emergency Department for left leg injuries, specifically a knee injury. While riding he had†¦show more content†¦On examination at this hospital, a working diagnosis of a dislocated knee and lacerated popliteal artery was made. The severity of the damage to the patient’s leg was enough to prompt the physician to consider amputation. The patient was fortunate in that there were experienced surgeons on hand to perform emergent surgery and save his leg. The patient would spend a total of thirty-five days in the hospital following the surgery and never fully regain function of his leg. He would sue the hospital where he was initially treated and the physician who originally sent him home following his injury. On review of the case, the physician’s side would settle out of court for a sum of $275,000. The lawsuit against the hospital’s Nursing staff proceeded to court. It was claimed that the nurses, even though they picked up signs/symptoms of a medical emergency in their assessments, did not do enough to see that those concerns were addressed by the physician on duty. They would argue that had the matter been pursued further, the patient’s true injuries could have been diagnosed and treated earlier. Earlier treatment could have prevented the permanent damage and injuries the patient would sustain due to a delay in treatment. The jury trial would award the plaintiff $880,000 due to the negligence of the hospital’s Nursing staff. The hospital would appeal. Questions to be answered. 1. Did the Nursing staff haveShow MoreRelatedAssessment Of A Nursing Health Assessment1895 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is assessment? Assessment in nursing has been influenced by the problem-solving framework of the nursing process and nursing models. Assessment of need is fundamental to the care process and has received much attention in correspondence to the establishment of eligibility criteria for long-term care (RCN, 2004). A health assessment not only comprises of gathering health information about a patient, but also analyzing and synthesizing the information, and evaluating the effectiveness of nursingRead MoreHolistic Assessment Of Nursing Assessment1984 Words   |  8 PagesNursing process is a systematic process that involves a continuous cycle of five interrelated phases: holistic assessment of a client, nursing diagnoses, nursing care planning, implementation, and evaluation (Wilkinson et al. 2015). It enables nurses to assess the person’s health status and health care needs, to create plans to meet the identified needs, and to provide and evaluate individualised nursing interventions according to the person’s needs (Luxford 2015). The holistic assessment is theRead MoreEvaluation Of A Nursing Assessment958 Words   |  4 PagesA nursing assessment is defined as a systematic and dynamic process to collect and examine data about a patient. Nurses play a crucial role in the health care field, and one of the most important aspects of their daily obligations is to assess patients, and to continuously reassess patients. The reason assessments are so significant is- in case of any changes in their patients condition whether it effects their health positively or negatively. Some of the most vital information can be gathered inRead MoreEssay on Nursing Assessment2967 Words   |  12 PagesElement: Prevention of pressure ulcers This essay is going to explore the nursing process with regard to the prevention of pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are a widespread and often underestimated health problem in the UK. They occur in 4-10% of patients admitted to hospital (Ward et al, 2010). This essay, using case study 4, will explore the holistic nursing process, and also the biological, sociological, psychological and ethical issues regarding the prevention of pressure ulcers. LilyRead MoreThe Assessment Of Rural Nursing2138 Words   |  9 PagesRural Nursing in Bowen This essay will discuss how and why Bowen is classified on the Accessibility/Remoteness index as a rural town in Queensland, Australia according to Smith, (2007. A profile of Bowen including the demographics, geographics, environmental and cultural characteristics of the small town will be explored. The health of the population will be looked at and how the profile of Bowen relates directly to the health impacts of Bowen’s residents. Employment and related health issues willRead MoreEvaluation Of A Nursing Assessment1926 Words   |  8 Pageseffortless. When breathing becomes difficult, an assessment must be undertaken by a nurse in order to make a nursing diagnoses. Once the assessment is completed, interventions are put in place in order for the health issue to be corrected, and an evaluation is done to examine whether or not the interventions were successful. If unsuccessful, the assessment process is repeated. This essay will discuss the information that should be gathere d during an assessment, and the possible interventions that may beRead MoreNursing Assessment Of Respiratory System733 Words   |  3 PagesCONCEPT 5: NURSING ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 6 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of respiratory system’. The respiratory system comprises of different organs used in respiration. Respiration involves inhalation and exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide between living organisms and the environment. The organs of respiration include; the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, 2 bronchi, bronchioles, 2 lungs and muscles of breathing (the intercostal muscles andRead MoreHolistic Health Assessment : Nursing1492 Words   |  6 PagesHolistic health assessment involves assessing an individual’s physical, psychological, social, developmental, spiritual and cultural needs. Without an assessment, a nurse would not be aware of the health problems affecting this patient, know what patient education is needed or know how to treat this patient with the appropriate treatment regarding their cultural or spiritual needs (Lewis Foley 2011). A lack of nursing assessment would be like asking an everyday citizen to perform open-heart surgeryRead MoreCommunity Assessment Nursing2731 Words   |  11 PagesAssessment of Non-acute Health and Social Services in Ponchatoula, Louisiana Laura K. Ogden Southeastern Louisiana University College of Nursing and Health Sciences School of Nursing NLAB 334 October 29, 2014 Assessment of Non-acute Health and Social Services in Ponchatoula, Louisiana The community assessed was Ponchatoula, Louisiana. The focus of the assessment was non-acute health and social services. The community-as-partner modelRead MoreA Nursing Assessment For Pressure Ulcers1354 Words   |  6 Pageschanges, immobility, impaired wound healing, incontinence, type one and type two diabetes, edema, altered circulation, low serum albumin, and malnutrition. Perhaps the most important step in prevention begins with a comprehensive integument nursing assessment for pressure ulcers. There are many pressure ulcer prevention interventions currently in practice; however, few of the interventions are supported by high quality evidence. For reference, the Braden scale assesses the general population and

Schizophrenia - Split Mind - 781 Words

Schizophrenia – â€Å"split mind† Schizophrenia (in Greek split mind) is marked by delusions, hallucinations, illusions, distorted perceptions of reality, normal verses abnormal, and a â€Å"split† between thought and emotion. Schizophrenia troubles one percent of the world’s population, making it the most common psychosis. Approximately two million Americans suffer from this illness in one year and roughly half of all the people admitted to mental hospitals are schizophrenic. Many symptoms appear to be related to problems with selective attention. People also find it difficult to focus on one item of information at a time, have no contact with others, and a breakdown of personal habits. There are four major subtypes of schizophrenia:†¦show more content†¦Lisa is a 30 year old women and mother of four children. She has had some various worries for quite some time, but has not sought professional help. Through out the past few months she has grown unhappy, it has gotten so bad the family doctor suggested she seek psychological help. She has been experiencing repetitive thoughts which have centered on her children’s safety. On one occasion she imagined that her son broke his leg playing football atShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1011 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. â€Å"Schizo† if Greek for Split while â€Å"phrene† means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disrupt ion within the thought process Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual andRead MoreThe Psychological Disorder Of Schizophrenia Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorders. Examples of these disorders are; depression, anxiety disorder, Schizophrenia, child hood disorders, impulse control disorders personality disorders, adjustment disorders and family disorders. I chose to write about Schizophrenia so that I can clear the air concerning the basic psychological ailments, and to assist people know what to do if a loved one identifies extremities in the manifestation of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia being a serious brain disorder affecting how people think, behave andRead MoreEssay about Sense of Self: Schizophrenia and I1224 Words   |  5 PagesSense of Self: Schizophrenia and I In 1911, a Swiss psychiatrist named Eugen Bleuler coined the term schizophrenia. It originated from the Greek words, schizo, which translates to split and phrenia, meaning mind. When Bleuler conveyed the meaning of this term, it was not to label a person as a split personality, but rather as a split between what is believed, what is perceived, and what is objectively real (1). Throughout history, the disorder has been confused and misunderstood by theRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia1249 Words   |  5 PagesA common mistaken belief is that people with schizophrenia have multiple personalities. Many people confuse schizophrenia with split personality or multiple personality disorder (Lilienfeld et al, 2010). The misunderstanding stems from the meaning of the word schizophrenia, as in Greek it means split mind (Boruck, 2008). In 1990, Carlson proposed â€Å"schizophrenia is probably the most misused psychological term in existence† . Vaughan (1977), performed a study wh ich found that 77% of studentsRead MoreSchizophrenia: Thought and Poem Jim Stevens722 Words   |  3 Pages Schizophrenia By Jim Stevens Schizophrenia by Jim Stevens is a poem depicting the way a schizophrenic person s brain works. In the first line of the poem Jim Stevens says It was the house that suffered the most. Although he is using the visualization of a house, I believe that he is really just using imagery to portray a human. I believe that each stanza portrays a different symptom of Schizophrenia. Through my studies of this poem, I was unable to find any documentation of the poetRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On The Brain866 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental psychotic disorder that diminishes the ability to distinguish reality from fantasy. Schizophrenia ranges from Type I, which are positive symptoms caused by an excess of functions to Type II, which are negative symptoms caused by a loss of functions within the brain. Subtypes range from Paranoid to Disorganized schizophrenia. A wide variety of factors can provoke anyone of these variations of schizophrenia, such as genes, an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, the deathRead MoreSchizophreni A Psychological Condition That Causes Delusions Or Hallucinations?887 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a psychological condition that causes delusions or hallucinations making it extremely difficult for those who have the disorder to discern between reality and the imaginations (American Psychiatric Associati on, 2013). These fictitious experiences are often frightening situations where the victim cannot properly respond if the danger were reality because he/she believes everything is reality, even events that are produced by the imagination. â€Å"Emil Kraepelin, who coined the termRead MoreThe Psycological Theory Behind The Black Swan1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdeal with attachment. There are also theories behind eating disorders and stress which could cause mental disorders and personality disorders. Are mental illnesses and personality disorders the same? Watching the movie with different theories in mind, I believe that we can roll all the theories into one and come up with one Psychological illness or diagnoses. First let’s start with a quick plot of â€Å"Black Swan.† Nina is a talented ballet dancer and frontrunner for the lead role as the BlackRead MoreSchizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Schizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis In 1809, physician John Haslam published an account of what he considered â€Å"A form of insanity†. Haslam described many symptoms that are relevant to modern day schizophrenia including delusions of grandeur and hallucinations. During the latter part of the nineteenth century, a German psychiatrist named Emil Kraepelin expanded on Haslam’s views and gave a more accurate description of schizophrenia as we know it today. Kraeplin startedRead MoreEssay on Paranoid Schizophrenia: They’re Out To Get Me1356 Words   |  6 PagesParanoid Schizophrenia: They’re Out To Get Me Introduction Paranoid Schizophrenia is a serious psychotic disorder that impairs a person’s perception of reality, causing the mind to lose contact with the real world. This disorder greatly affects one’s ability to negotiate the activities of everyday life, such as school, work, or social situations. In 1898, Emil Kraepelin was to the first to provide information regarding schizophrenia naming it â€Å"dementia praecox†, and defining it as a psychosis

What Integrity Means Free Essays

The term â€Å"integrity† is considered polysemantic meaning it has a number of different meanings. Integrity is the most important terms used in virtue ethics, music, philosophy, for example. Integrity is used in the scientific and technological fields. We will write a custom essay sample on What Integrity Means or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, this term is often puzzling and perplexing. Often, people use integrity as a synonym to â€Å"moral† trying to show that person is acting with integrity. However, researchers noted that â€Å"people of integrity† may act immorally, even if they are unaware of their immoral actions. Firstly, modern world suggests that any person is subjected to many conflicting desires and situations. Thus, integrity is defined as the ability to make reasonable and valid judgments, conclusions about the importance and necessity of particular commitments. Integrity suggests that a person should act out of the strongest desire and with deliberation to choose between more or less desirable actions. In other words, integrity always suggests discriminating between important desires. For example, a student may discard studying preferring go to the party. In such situation student is not a person of integrity as higher order desire was endorsed over fun. Person of integrity realizes the importance of first-order desires and he won’t fall victim to conflicting desires. Further, integrity is defined as ability to resist genuine temptation meaning that a person is ready successful integrate the self. Secondly, in computer and related sciences integrity means that computer database is able to maintain power and resist to errors, integrity of defense systems suggests that system isn’t breached. Thirdly, in music, musical work has integrity if its musical structure is provided with completeness which is coordinated and has related music ideas. Simply saying, integrity in music means that music piece is whole, intact and pure. Fourthly, Integrity is associated with geography. Then, people may think of integrity of wilderness region, different existing ecosystems, art kinds and forms, and even people may think of computerized integrity. Integrity is applied mostly to the objects and it suggests the qualities of purity and wholeness an object. These meanings are often applied to people. Speaking about regions, integrity means that a region isn’t corrupted by negative effects of development and its advances. Region of integrity suggests wilderness and uncorrupted or virgin. Finally, intellectual, professional and artistic integrity are often spoken about. Nevertheless, integrity has found its application mostly in philosophy meaning human’s general character. In philosophy, when a person acts with integrity on a particular occasion it means that integrity is explained as broader feature of person’ character. There is a claim that person should possess integrity. Integrity suggests that a person is in harmony with himself, that he acts either morally or immorally. It means that integrity is applied equally to people things because integrity suggests a way to keep the self uncorrupted. Integrity is often associated with commitment, and some researchers stress that the term ‘commitment’ is used to cover intentions and promises of human expectations and, what is more important, human trusts. It means that any person may be committed to different kinds of things at the same time. Such person is integrated person. Summing up, integrity is found in many aspects of human’s life. Integrity is defined as personal virtues meaning that person’s ability to take care of the self shows whether a person is integrated. Moreover, persons of integrity treat equally other people’s matters. Abilities to overcome temptation and to subordinate first-order and second-order desires are considered the keys for a person to be considered of integrity. How to cite What Integrity Means, Papers

Take Home Paper Government’s Fiscal Position

Questions: 1. What is fiscal policy? Comment on the role of fiscal policy in a modern economy. Illustrate and explain how fiscal policy may be used to remove a deflationary gap? 2. The long-term trajectory of returning to surplus is being pushed back by another year, until 2020-21. What is the current stance of fiscal policy in Australia? 3. According to the MYEFO statement, what factors have contributed to the deterioration of the budget deficit? 4. Unemployment and government spending cuts for 2017. What factors might have lessened or worsened the severity of deficit for 2017 since the release of 2015-16 MYEFO statement? 5. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using fiscal policy to stabilise the economy? Answers: 1. Fiscal policy is an important macroeconomic tool in the modern economy. Typically, it pertains to the means by which the governments regulates its level of spending and taxation levels to control the aggregate economy. Often, this policy is used alongside monetary policy to achieve the general economic goals in the country. The government implements contractionary or expansionary fiscal policy tools to regulate the degree of economic activity in the country and create healthy economic growth. In addition, the policies are used to achieve low inflation, increase employment opportunities and stabilize the economy. By and large, the government uses expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate the aggregate economy. Normally, this is achieved by reducing the level of taxation and introducing tax breaks to individuals and businesses. A reduction in the level of taxation increases the amount of disposable income available for households and firms. In turn, they are able to increase their level of spending, which increases the aggregate demand in the economy. An increase in total demand inspires firms to increase their supply to meet the new demand. Consequently, companies are forced to hire more workers to produce more goods and services for the economy. Thus, the level of unemployment in the country declines. In addition, the government may increase its level of spending to stimulate the aggregate economy during periods of low economic performance in the economy. By increasing its level of spending, the government increases its demand for goods and services in the economy. In turn, this increases the overall demand, allowing firms to expand and hire more workers. It is worth noting that an increase in economic performance in the economy may also bring about stability to the economy. Apart from stimulating the economy, the government may use fiscal policy to remove deflationary gaps in the economy. Usually, deflationary gaps in the economy arise as a result of the economy operating below full employment output (Pettinger 2012). As such, it is the difference between the attained output and the potential output level. Normally, this occurs during periods of economic recession in the country. During recessionary periods, the deflationary gap is usually quite large. In turn, this creates high levels of unemployment. In addition, there may be cases of underutilization of resources in the country. For this reason, it is important to remove the deflationary gap in the economy. There are various causes of deflationary gaps in the economy. First, a fall in the aggregate demand in the economy may give rise to a deflationary gap. In addition, a decline in the level of exports and investments in the country as a result of a global recession may bring about deflationary gaps in the economy. Just like any other macroeconomic conditions, the presence of a deflationary gap in the economy may negatively impact the overall economy. Specifically, it may lead to an increase in the rate of unemployment in the country. Additionally, it may slow down the level of economic growth as well as cause deflation to occur in the economy. In this regard, the government may implement expansionary fiscal policies to stimulate the economy away from the recessionary period, thereby reducing deflationary gaps. Usually, recessionary periods are characterized by weak aggregate demand for services and goods in the economy (Pettinger 2012). Therefore, the government may act by reducing the tax rates or increasing its level of spending to increase the overall demand in the economy. As mentioned earlier, an increase in demand will encourage suppliers also to increase their supply. In turn, they would hire more workers to produce more goods and services. Subsequently, this reduces the level of joblessness in the economy. The new workers will also purchase goods and services using the income they earn. Hence, this further increases the level of aggregate demand. Over time, the level of economic growth would also increase, thereby removing the deflationary gap. Graph Showing a Deflationary gap in the Economy Source: (Pettinger 2012). 2. For years now, the Australian government has been operating on a deficit balance. As at 2015, the level of deficit in the country was perceived to grow faster than most developed economies. A budget deficit often arises when the level of expenditure exceeds the level of revenue and income received by the government. In the September quarter of last year, the economy recorded a deficit of about 11, 358 AUD million (Australia Current Account 2017). Notably, this was a decrease from the previous quarters 15, 943 AUD million deficit. Last year, the deficit on services and goods dropped by about 36.87 percent (Australia Current Account 2017). Likewise, the net primary income deficit in the country contracted by about 23.70 percent (Hutchens 2016). Thus, last year, the economy was operating on a deficit budget. It is worth noting that the budget deficit has been a constant challenge for the Australian government. On average, the country has had a budget deficit of approximately 5143.72 AUD million between 1959 and 2016 (Australia Current Account 2017). Markedly, during this period, the highest deficit was recorded in 2015 at 23,014 AUD million (Australia Current Account 2017). On the other hand, the lowest level of budget deficit in the country was 295 AUD million, recorded in the December quarter of 1972 (Australia Budget Deficit 2017). Thus, it is rational to say that the Australian economy has been operating beyond its means for decades. Initially, the Australian government had proposed to bring the countrys budget to a surplus by 2019-20. Unfortunately, this trajectory has been postponed to 2020-21 as the countrys fiscal position does not allow for a budget surplus before this period (Woodley Anderson 2015). Therefore, until then, the economy will continue to operate in a deficit. Source: (Trading Economic 2017). It is imperative to note that although the Australian economy has been operating at a deficit for decades, it has one of the lowest budget deficits. As such, compared to other OECD economies, the Australian budget deficit is relatively small (Phillips 2014). The nations budget balance reduced significantly by about 4.4 percent, thereby enabling it to reduce the overall level of current account deficits (Collins 2014). As a result, the country has been operating in the middle of OECD pack (OECD 2016). Thus, even though the economys budget balance is not sufficient, it is much better than other economies of the OECD. Structural budget balances between OECD countries Source: (OECD 2016). For the long term trajectory of returning the budget to surplus by 2020-21 to be achieved, the government has to undertake various measures. First, the government has to promote economic growth in the country. Primarily, this is because an increase in economic growth in the country will lead to higher employment opportunities and increased government revenues (Labonte 2012). An increase in government revenue will go a long way in reducing the level of budget deficit as more funds would be available to offset the negative balances. Subsequently, this would work towards a surplus budget. In addition, the Australian government may increase the level of taxation in the country to reduce the fiscal deficit. Notably, an increase in the level of corporate tax, personal income tax, and Value Added Tax will increase the total level of government revenue (Harrison 2016). In turn, the additional revenue can be used to offset the deficit balances on the economys budget. In the same way, the government may cut down on its spending on non-essential public projects. By so doing, it would spare a lot of money that would then be used for other productive purposes in the economy. This way, the economy may achieve a surplus budget. 3. The MYEFO report indicates that the Australian government has experienced deteriorations in the level of budget deficits. According to the report, several factors in the economy have brought about the changes in the economy. Also, the government intends to instigate various changes in the level of spending with the aim of reducing the economys deficit (Payne Hall 2014). The government expects to make savings despite the fact that it had incurred extra spending in innovation packages, resettlement of refugees, road funding and pharmaceutical subsidies. As such, the government has offset the additional spending from the new savings measures that have been put in place. The government plans to save massively on various projects. First, the government purposes to save about $2 billion dollars over a four year period from individuals who falsely claim for welfare payments. Additionally, it targets to save about $650 million in four years from changes in the bulk billing incentives (Woodley Anderson, 2015). Specifically, it intends to remove bulk billing incentives for MRI and pathology services. Further, the Australian government will save approximately $595 million from health workforce programs over a four-year period (Woodley Anderson, 2015). Notably, the success of these changes will enable the government to save a lot of money, which in turn will reduce the level of budget deficit in the economy. It is also worth noting that the government intends to save more money from aged care services and child care subsidies. Over a three-year period, the government expects to achieve a better alignment for funding demanded by care givers with the level of care offered. In turn, this would save the country about $472 million. What is more, Child Care Subsidies will be reduced for households that earn more than $250, 000 (Woodley Anderson, 2015). Consequently, the government will save about $441 million in a period of 4 years (Woodley Anderson, 2015). Over time, the success of the proposed spending changes would offset the countrys current account balance into a surplus. Even so, various consequences may arise in the economy as a result of the changes in government spending. It is worth pointing out that a decrease in government spending is a contractionary fiscal policy. As a result, it may lead to a reduction in the level of activity in the aggregate economy. Hence, this may bring about significant declines in the level of aggregate demand. A fall in the aggregate demand will reduce firm productivity, which may lead to the firing of some employees. Thus, unemployment in the country will rise. In extreme cases, the economy may enter into a recession. For this reason, it is worth to point out the fact that although cutbacks in government expenditure may bring about reductions in government deficits, the policy may result in further macroeconomic problems for the economy. Thus, this instrument should be implemented with modesty. 4. Generally, the level of economic growth in the country is expected to increase in the near future. The 2016-17 MYEFO statement reports that the Australian economy is going through the later stages of the mining boom. The level of GDP is expected to expand by approximately 2 percent. Likewise, the report predicts that the rate of economic growth in the country will increase by about 0.75 percent in the 2017-18 financial year (Australian Government, 2017). Further, the level of cash shortfalls in the country is expected to fall between 2016-17 and 2019-20 by about $10 billion (Australian Government, 2017). One can attribute these improvements to increases in the level of exports and household consumption in the country Regardless, the level of inflation in the country is predicted to increase over time. For instance, between 2015-16 and 2016-17, the degree of consumer price index is expected to increase by about 0.75 percent (Australian Government,2017). Further, this indicator may rise by approximately 2 percent in the following year (Australian Government,2017). In addition to an increase in the consumer price index, the wage price index is also expected to upsurge during this period. Specifically, the wage price index is predicted to rise by about 2.1 percent between 2015 and 2017 (Australian Government,2017). After that, the level of inflation in the country is expected to rise further. The level of unemployment in the country remains significantly high. However, projections indicate that there are prospects for improvement in the economy that would result in the reduction of joblessness in the country. In 2015-16 the level of unemployment in the country was recorded at 5.7 percent (Australian Government,2017). However, predictions indicate that this rate is expected to drop to about 5.5 percent in 2016-17 (Australian Government,2017). Afterward, in the following year, this figure is projected to remain constant. By 2018-19, the level of unemployment in the country is expected to decline significantly to about 5.25 percent and remain constant at this level for an extended period of time (Australian Government,2017). In addition, the government intends to use its level of spending as a tool for regulating economic activity in the county. As of now, the government purposes on increasing the level of employment opportunities, economic growth, and stability. Likewise, the Australian government seeks to regulate its level of spending in order to reduce the level of budget deficits in the economy. By and large, this will be achieved through the proposed reductions in funds for the social welfare system. The government expects to reduce the deficit by about $2.1 billion from this change. What is more, the government intends to introduce training loans and vocational education in the country to enhance the employability of the workforce. In turn, this would reduce the government debt by about $25 billion as unemployment benefit payments would be reduced substantially (Australian Government,2017). All in all, these changes in government spending would reduce the budget deficit significantly. 5. Fiscal policy is a crucial macroeconomic instrument in the modern economy. Its utilization in Australia has brought about various outcomes for the economy. It is worth noting that the use of the instrument in the contemporary economy is characterized by various strengths and benefits. To begin with, fiscal policies can be used to direct and channel spending to specific projects in the economy. As such, the government can use the policy to fund specific regions, sectors, and projects. They can also stimulate the sectors of the economy where it is perceived to be needed most. What is more, this policy instrument is effective as it can be implemented within a short period of time, compared to other policy tools. Also, the effects and results of the policy are achieved much quicker than monetary policy instruments (Weil n.d.). Furthermore, fiscal policies can be used to reduce negative externalities in the economy. For instance, the government can set additional taxes for polluting industries to discourage them from polluting the environment beyond ecologically acceptable levels. Importantly, the policy can be used to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in the society. Specifically, the government may implement different tax rates for different income groups such that the rich are taxed more than the low-income households (European Central Bank 2005). This way, a greater tax burden is set for the rich while the tax liabilities of the poor are reduced. Additionally, fiscal policies are useful in reducing the level of the countrys debt. For this reason, the instrument is useful in mitigating the effects associated with high public debt. Even so, the application of fiscal policies in the economy has a number of limitations. For starters, this tool can lead to significant budget deficits if it is not adequately monitored (Kocherlakota 2009). Typically, this arises when the level of government spending is high while the tax rates are low. In turn, this may result in significant debts for the country. On top of that, implementation of the policy may give rise to a conflict of objectives in the economy. A simultaneous mix of expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies in the economy may result in contradictory results in the aggregate economy. Besides, the use of fiscal policy to solve one problem may lead to the creation of another macroeconomic problem in the economy. For example, increasing the level of government expenditure and reducing taxes in a bid to stimulate aggregate demand and lessen the rate of unemployment may result in an increase in the level of inflation in the economy (Amadeo 2016). Predominantly, this is because an increase in the level of aggregate demand creates pressure in the market, thereby pushing up the general price levels in the economy. All things considered, fiscal policy is a crucial component of the modern economy. Thus, the implementation of this macroeconomic instrument should be combined with other policy tools to achieve the best results for the economy. References Amadeo, K (2016) What Is Fiscal Policy? Types, Objectives, and Tools. [Online] The Balance. Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-fiscal-policy-types-objectives-and-tools-3305844 [Accessed 8/02/17]. Australian Government (2017) Mid-year Economic and Fiscal Outlook: Part 3 Fiscal and Strategy Outlook. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/myefo/download/03-Part-3.pdf [Accessed 8/02/17]. Australian Government (2017) Mid-year Economic and Fiscal Outlook: Part 1-Overview. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.budget.gov.au/2015-16/content/myefo/html/index.htm[Accessed 8/02/17]. Australian Government (2017) Mid-year Economic and Fiscal Outlook: Part 2 Economic Outlook. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/myefo/download/02-Part-2.pdf [Accessed 8/02/17]. Collins, B (2014) Heres The Big Problem with Comparing Australia's Budget Deficit to Other OECD Countries. [Online] Business Insider. Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/heres-the-big-problem-with-comparing-australias-budget-deficit-to-other-oecd-countries-2014-5 [Accessed 8/02/17]. European Central Bank (2005) The Role of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in the Stabilization of the Economic Cycle. [Online] European Central Bank. Available from: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2005/html/sp051114.en.html[Accessed 8/02/17]. Harrison, E (2016) How to Reduce Government Budget Deficits. [Online] Credit Writedowns. Available from: https://www.creditwritedowns.com/2011/02/how-to-reduce-government-budget-deficits.html [Accessed 8/02/17]. Hutchens, G (2016) Australia's fiscal deficit billions worse than expected, Commonwealth largely to blame. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available from: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6011/economics/policies-to-reduce-budget-deficit/ [Accessed 8/02/17]. Kocherlakota, N (2010) Modern Macroeconomic Models as Tools for Economic Policy. [Online] Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Available from: https://minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/modern-macroeconomic-models-as-tools-for-economic-policy [Accessed 8/02/17]. Labonte, M (2014) Reducing the Budget Deficit: Overview of Policy Issues. [Online] Congressional Research Service. Available from: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43680.pdf [Accessed 8/02/17]. Lewis, P (2014) Australias Economy Is Healthy, So How Can There Be A Budget Crisis?[Online] The Conversation. Available from: https://theconversation.com/australias-economy-is-healthy-so-how-can-there-be-a-budget-crisis-26036 [Accessed 8/02/17]. OECD (2014) OECD Economic Surveys Australia [Online] OECD. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/general/budgetdeficitswhatgovernmentsaredoing.htm[Accessed 8/02/17]. OECD (2016) Budget deficits: What Governments Are Doing. [Online] OECD. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/general/budgetdeficitswhatgovernmentsaredoing.htm [Accessed 8/02/17]. Payne, A., Hall, A (2014) Australian government debt and fiscal position. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/AustGovDebt[Accessed 8/02/17]. Pettinger, T (2012) Deflationary Gap. [Online] Economics Help. Available from: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/glossary/deflationary-gap/ [Accessed 8/02/17]. Pettinger, T (2016) Policies to reduce a budget deficit. [Online] Economics Help. Available from: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6011/economics/policies-to-reduce-budget-deficit/ [Accessed 8/02/17]. Phillips, K (2014) A history of Australian budget surpluses and deficits [Online] ABC. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/a-history-of-australian-budget-surpluses-and-deficits/5446434 [Accessed 8/02/17]. Trading Economics (2017) Australia Current Account. [Online] Trading Economics. Available from: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/current-account [Accessed 8/02/17]. Trading Economics (2017) Australia Government Budget. [Online] Trading Economics. Available from: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/government-budget [Accessed 8/02/17]. Weil, D, Fiscal Policy. [Online] Library of Economics Liberty. Available from: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/FiscalPolicy.html [Accessed 8/02/17]. Woodley, N, Anderson, S (2015), MYEFO: Budget Deficit Increases To $37b As Government Releases Economic Update. [Online] ABC. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-15/budget-deficit-increased-as-myefo-released/7029472 [Accessed 8/02/17].

International Review Business Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Review Business Management? Answer: Introducation Yes, I entirely agree with the author. The reason behind my agreement is the fact, which is being displayed by the author. The author has rightly said that companies are now more focussed on CSR activities. This is because the community is now aware of the different facts related to the environmental values. They also have access to different opinions of other people, which help them in educating over a particular point (Walmsley and Lewis 2014). For example, people have come to know the harmfulness of carbon particles, which are assimilating with the air in an incremented trend with passage of time. Such awareness has brought a revolution as more and more companies are now trying to save them in environmental related cause. One of such examples is the introduction of electric cars, which has been introduced as an alternate of gas run vehicles. Moreover, electric cars have been introduced because it is supposed to emit less carbon particles (Zivin, Kotchen and Mansur 2014). The organisation where I am currently working is also being influenced by the CSR related facts. They have started taking care of the disposal such as disposing them at the appropriate place. They are also trying to keep the office premise tidy and clean in order to protect their employees safe from any bacterial effect. Confirmation Bias and Affect Bias are the two with which I was much related. Anchoring Bias, Saliency Bias and Risk Bias are the three with which I am least aware of. Anchoring Bias is the one bias, which is in high practice in my organisation. I was initially not aware of the different types of biases; however, the five biases outlined by the Kahneman et al (2011, cited in Johnson et al, 2014) let me understand that Anchoring Bias is in use in my organisation. It has mixed impacts on the overall performance of my company. The managers in my organisation are successful in making decision with the use of anchoring bias; however, it is also dislodging the faiths of employees on the management. Employees have least respect to the managers, which is indeed not a good sign for a progressive trend. There should be a balanced relationship between the managers and the employees. Force can make others to work but the same force can never stop many to stay with the organisation (Awadh and Alyahya 2013). Such circumstances would give birth to rebellion thoughts in significant numbers. Nevertheless, this is never good for an organisation no matter what the size of the organisation is that it has employees who have rebellion thoughts for their management (Palmer 2014). The role of a motivator has interested me a lot. I love to motivate others who are working under me. I have my own style of working, which is bit different to professional motivators. However, it is very much expected, as there can never be a same style of motivating role. Different people have different approaching styles, which also affect their motivational approach (Mller, Geraldi and Turner 2012). To some extent the team role profile that excites me a lot have its usefulness in my current role in my organisation. However, the scopes are limited because I am not working there as a professional motivating coach. My working domain is limited and so my work as a motivational coach. I am more related with the production team, which is why the role of motivator has very limited scope for me though I enjoy doing this. However, I spend some time with my friends and listen to their process related issues. I then try to resolve their issues with help from my understanding, which I have developed into me in my long time association with my organisation. I love this job because I get some time to interact with people, which is exciting to me. It is necessary to do such stuffs while being at the workplace. This helps release the work pressure to some extent (Newman 2012). I did learn a lot from the team role test. The test enabled me to go know insight of me, which I had never cared before. I never actually looked at things as such I did it now. There are some positive points in me, which I came to know after going through the role test. Some of such positives are honesty, respectful, kindness, energetic and hard worker. These all aspects are fruitful to any cause, which is why I think that I must continue with all the likes of such characteristics in me. I need to bring in some changes in me as well. I am very reserved, which makes things difficult for me to dissolve with my rest team members. Such thing should never be a part of life, as this would affect the team performance (Rajhans 2012). Friendly working atmosphere is of utmost importance for letting the team to success. Moreover, this would also help me progress with my tenure in my organisation. This is because sometime when there is a problem, it requires assistance of others. In my case, I would not be able to reach to anybody in my team seeking the required help. Learning agility is the one, which stood out to me. This is because it helps to build up the leadership quality in an individual. The leadership journey is very influencing as it guides to some necessary steps that truly affects the leadership construction in an individual. The research is very helpful in understanding the leadership journey. I am an employee; however, I have never ever thought of leadership status because I could not relate myself with it. The leadership journey has helped me know that it is very much gettable. The only thing is required is to be patient with the career progress. I need to explore many opportunities that are there in for me in my organisation. The research has helped me know few important aspects of a leadership journey such as learning agility at the different levels in life. Learning agility is something that encourages learning something and designing a position, which is presently beyond of reach; however, it can be attained with the help from the leadership journey graph (DeRue, Ashford and Myers 2012). The graph instructs on some other important points such as openness to experience, values experience etc. One of the challenges, which my organisation might face, is to maintain a highest standard of customer service while entering the blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean strategy refers to a new and uncontested market, which has never been thought before (Strategy 2015). For example, the introduction of Nano cars by Tata is a good example of blue ocean strategy (Singh and Srivastava 2012). Blue ocean strategy in my business case would look like a service firm that has its objective to give an utmost importance to customer service. My business firm is related to the marketing stuffs. My company do have clients who hire us for doing promotion. The blue ocean strategy for my firm would be to introduce a new format of promotional stunt, which had never been thought before. However, such strategy would remain in the blue ocean market for few moments. Once things start working well for the concept, other companies would also be attracted towards the concept. There is a requirement to maintain an utmost standard for the customer service, which would definitely depend on the way we interact to our clients and deliver the service. Eastern organisations are much more ethical than the western organisations. This can be understood in numerous ways. One of such example is of labour exploitation, which is higher in western countries. They exploit labours from the other parts of world. They pay less to the foreign labours; however, those labours do the same hard work as done by the local labours. They are also exploiting labours in other parts of world such as with their subsidiary branches. One of such example is of Unilever in Pakistan. The company had not paid the entire amount to the labours. Additionally, the company hired few part timers. They were made to work like full timers but they were treated as part timers while paying wages to them (Wilshaw et al. 2013). Additionally, they are not careful to the rivers, which they pollute with the wastages of manufacturing plants. Another such example is of drug, which the foreign companies use it for the business purpose. They purposefully add chemicals to drugs, whi ch should never been sold to the patients. Despite the fact, they are circulating such drugs just for the sake of business. The healthcare industry has become a good resource to business, which is benefitting the health care centres, the doctors, the Pharmacy companies and the administrative body of hospitals (Bagley 2012). Outsourcing has become a significant option for organisations across the globe. They have viewed this as a solution to cut down on the production cost. This is because outsourcing is available at the most cheaper rate in some developing countries such as India (Chang and Gurbaxani 2012). It has been a good experience with the outsourcing in my company. My company has outsources some of its marketing stuffs to third party companies in order to reduce the work pressure and enhance the customer service standard. It was a good learning experience. This is because it helped me learn a lot about the facts, which is related with the outsourcing business. There is a risk related with the customer service standard because parent companies do not have their direct control over the outsourcing companies. The communication gap because of the physical distances in between the company and the outsourcing firms is a major resource to poor service quality (Sharpe 2013). However, it was still outsourced few of the businesses because it helps in reducing the work pressure, which was growing on my company with the addition of new clients. There is an utmost requirement to facilitate an enhanced involvement in the outsourcing business. Yes, I agree but the process involved in the evaluation process is very different. This is because the working culture is different. The parameters more or less would remain the same with both kinds of evaluation; however, there must be little differences in some terms such as assimilating with the cultures. It is difficult to understand the working culture of other countries. For example, the working culture of Australia is very different to that of Japan. A manager working in Australia would have high freedom. The one would not be expected to be in formal attire strictly; however, in case of Japan, managers and other employees would require to be strictly within the formal attire (Bochner 2013). This discussion is very important to understand the difficulties that might come underway while evaluating the works of foreign managers. The different way of working would have different level of productivity, which is very difficult to understand before the performance review is done. Mor eover, performance review can be done in numerous ways such as quarterly and half-yearly. Mining, finance insurance and foods beverages are the three sectors where Australia could get the benefits from FDI. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is beneficial due to many reasons. This contributes in the betterment of different infrastructures, which are used for making investments on. This enhances the employability rate in the country. This is also a very good resource to the betterment of different industries, as this would generate the required funds for the respective sectors (Roy, Shah and Sharma 2017). FDI is beneficial from many perspectives; however, this is less beneficial when the Australian dollar becomes stronger. A stronger Australian dollar would mean a high return to the foreign investors; however, this would also mean a reduced return to Australia (Gorodnichenko, Svejnar and Terrell 2014). FDI has many benefits in the local country. One of such benefits is the employability, which has become a global challenge. An incrementing FDI in the local country gives boost to the employability. It also improves the economy as it explores the hidden opportunity such as the mining industry in Australia (Gorodnichenko, Svejnar and Terrell 2014). The long term effects of a country, which is trying to restrict the outflows of FDI is the betterment of economy, high returns on the investments and an elevated investment in the different industrial sector (Roy, Shah and Sharma 2017). References Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p. Bagley, B., 2012. Drug trafficking and organized crime in the Americas.Woodrow Wilson Center Update of the Americas. Bochner, S. ed., 2013.Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Chang, Y.B. and Gurbaxani, V., 2012. Information technology outsourcing, knowledge transfer, and firm productivity: An empirical analysis.MIS quarterly,36(4). DeRue, D.S., Ashford, S.J. and Myers, C.G., 2012. Learning agility: In search of conceptual clarity and theoretical grounding.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(3), pp.258-279. Gorodnichenko, Y., Svejnar, J. and Terrell, K., 2014. When does FDI have positive spillovers? Evidence from 17 transition market economies.Journal of Comparative Economics,42(4), pp.954-969. Mller, R., Geraldi, J. and Turner, J.R., 2012. Relationships between leadership and success in different types of project complexities.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(1), pp.77-90. Newman, K.S., 2012. The great recession and the pressure on workplace rights.Chi.-Kent L. Rev.,88, p.529. Palmer, C.A., 2014.Freedom's Children: The 1938 Labor Rebellion and the Birth of Modern Jamaica. UNC Press Books. Rajhans, K., 2012. Effective organizational communication: A key to employee motivation and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85. Roy, A., Shah, M. and Sharma, R., 2017. Need for Foreign Investment.Journal of Accounting, Finance Marketing Technology,1(1), pp.18-21. Sharpe, D., 2013. Why the resistance to statistical innovations? Bridging the communication gap.Psychological methods,18(4), p.572. Singh, S. and Srivastava, P., 2012. The turnaround of Tata Nano: reinventing the wheel.Vision,16(1), pp.45-52. Strategy, B.O., 2015. Blue Ocean Strategy. Walmsley, D.J. and Lewis, G.J., 2014.People and environment: Behavioural approaches in human geography. Routledge. Wilshaw, R., Unger, L., Quynh, C.D. and Thu, T.P., 2013. Labour Rights in Unilever's Supply Chain: From compliance to good practice. An Oxfam study of labour issues in Unilever's Viet Nam operations and supply chain.Oxfam Policy and Practice: Private Sector,10(1), pp.1-108. Zivin, J.S.G., Kotchen, M.J. and Mansur, E.T., 2014. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of marginal emissions: Implications for electric cars and other electricity-shifting policies.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,107, pp.248-268.